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AUTHOR(S): Joseph Olusola Olufelo, Enwerem, Vitus Ayo, Shittu, Muibat Modupe, Alegiledoye, Abiodun Oladimeji
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ABSTRACT The use of inorganic chemicals has proven to eradicate pests faster and more toxic with an efficiency record of up to 100% mortality to the target pest. Nevertheless, its residual effect on soil micro-organisms, and toxicity to animals and human beings, necessitated the need to curb this menace. However, the use of organic pesticides which have always been a better substitute has also been observed recently to be slower in the eradication of the pest when compared to inorganic chemicals. Hence, the need to adopt an Integrated Pest Management system (IPM). A sequel, to the above, the Bio-insecticidal efficacy of some plant extracts and synthetic dust on the control of Callosobruchus maculatus in cowpea seeds were investigated. Two botanicals: neem(Azadirachta Indica) and pawpaw (Carica papaya)were used in combination with synthetic dust at different treatment combinations for the control of C.maculatus. The cowpea seeds were obtained from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Clean seeds showing no visible sign of beetle egg covers, presence of adults or their exit holes were used. The botanical plant extracts were obtained from a herbal store in Owerri, Nigeria. They were oven-dried at 60°c for 48hrs and grounded to a powder form in an electric mill. The synthetic dust (pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin) was used at a fixed application rate of 0.1g while the botanical powders were varied at 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 g/ 20 seeds. Both the synthetic dust and the plant extracts were used singly and in combination. The mortality of C. maculatus was monitored within the time intervals of 12, 24, 48 and 72 hrs. The result showed that at 24 hrs post-treatment, the percentage mortality of C.maculatus in treatment involving neem powder (0.1g) mixed with pirimiphos-methyl (0.1g) was significantly the highest but was not different from mortality in treatments involving Neem powder (0.08g) mixed with permethrin (0.1g) and Neem powder (0.1g) mixed with permethrin (0.1g). Five treatments, including the control, recorded zero mortality at 24hrs post infestation. The result showed that a sub-lethal dose of neem powder (0.1g) mixed with pirimiphos-methyl (0.1g)/20grams of cowpea seeds produced 100% adult mortality of C. maculates at 24hrs post-infestation thus recommended dose of insecticidal materials. |
KEYWORDS Integrated Pest Management, Storage Pest, Stored Seeds, Insecticidal Plant, Inorganic Chemical, Eco-system |
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Cite this paper Joseph Olusola Olufelo, Enwerem, Vitus Ayo, Shittu, Muibat Modupe, Alegiledoye, Abiodun Oladimeji. (2022) Bio-insecticidal Efficacy of some Plant Extracts and Synthetic Dust on Control of Callosobruchus maculatus(Motscholsky) in Cowpea Seeds. International Journal of Agricultural Science, 7, 60-67 |
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