Modified Biochar: Increasing Adsorption Capacity and its Effects on Soil Pollution

Abstract: Soil pollution poses significant risks to ecosystems and human health through the spread of heavy metals, organic pollutants, and harmful substances related to agricultural products. The aim of this review is to analyze the current state of biochar use in soil remediation, to reveal its effects on the transport and bioavailability of heavy metals and organic pollutants, and to identify areas for future direction. Biochar has been shown to have the potential to reduce the mobility of pollutants due to its high solid exchange capacity, microporous structure, and functional group density. Modifications can significantly increase surface area and adsorption capacity; this plays a critical role in reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals and organic pollutants. The literature indicates that modified biochar has high application potential due to its low cost and wide accessibility.