New Approach to Chemical Activation of Plant Biomass for Producing Activated Carbons with High Surface Area and Capacitance Performance

AUTHOR(S):

Zulkhair Mansurov, Vladimir Pavlenko

TITLE

New Approach to Chemical Activation of Plant Biomass for Producing Activated Carbons with High Surface Area and Capacitance Performance

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ABSTRACT

The production of high-quality activated carbons from lignocellulosic biomass for application in advanced energy storage systems in particular the electrochemical capacitors is of great commercial interest because of their high specific surface area, electrical conductivity, electrochemical stability and notably low cost. During this presentation the synthesis and application of microporous carbons derived by improved chemical activation of walnut shells impregnated with phosphoric acid will be presented. The carbons derived from the rice husk are characterized by high specific surface area of 2400 m2 g-1 (calculated by the method of Brunauer–Emmett–Teller) and total pore volume of 1.5 cm3 g-1. Activated carbons were implemented as the active materials for symmetric composite electrodes of electrical double layer capacitors in 1 mol L-1 Li2SO4. Electrochemical investigations performed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge with potential limitations and impedance spectroscopy revealed high performance of carbon materials derived through modified chemical activation procedure especially under aging tests during floating voltage of 1.6 V. In particular the resulting carbons posses a much higher capacitance of 190-200 F g-1 (at 0.2 A g-1) that is much higher than most of available commercial blends of activated carbons e.g., the Norit DLC Supra 30 which in similar conditions possessed 108 F g-1.

KEYWORDS

Carbonization, chemical activation, plant biomass, activated carbon, electrochemical capacitor, impedance spectroscopy

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Cite this paper

Zulkhair Mansurov, Vladimir Pavlenko. (2017) New Approach to Chemical Activation of Plant Biomass for Producing Activated Carbons with High Surface Area and Capacitance Performance. International Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Systems, 2, 26-32